Meriones taunts the Trojans even though Patroclus tells him to save his breath. The summaries and analyses may help you. Patroclus tells Achilles of all the wounded Greek warriors and curses Achilles for his stubbornness. Important Quotes. Euphorbus spears him, but he does not fall. His voice failing, Patroklos tells Hektor that it was not he who conquered him. Achilles declines to fight but agrees to the exchange of armor, with the understanding that Patroclus will fight only long enough to save the ships. The Greeks rally around the body planning to mutilate it, but Zeus makes night fall to make this more difficult. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Get a detailed summary and analysis of every chapter in the book from BookRags.com. Books 16 and 17 Summary and Analysis ... Summary Book Six continues on the same day of fighting, and the Achaians have the advantage. Patroklos falls with a thud, and the entire Achaian army is stunned. Summary Achilles has a bad feeling that Patroclus is dead even before Menelaus's messenger arrives. After Achilles has addressed them and offered a libation to Zeus, he warns Patroklos to do no more than rescue the ships, for if he attacks Troy, he may be killed. He was a son of Zeus. Zeus sends the god Hermes, who disguises himself as Achilles's aide, to hide him and guide him safely to Achilles. All rights reserved. Sarpedon Trojan ally, co-commander of the Lycians, killed by Patroklos. Menelaus cuts through the Trojans, striking Thoas (2) in the chest. The Greeks start to push the Trojans back many are wounded and the Greek captains are compared to wolves coming down on goats or lambs. He dons Achilles' armor and hefts his spear. He charges the gates three times and is repulsed by Apollo each time. Now is your time to glory to the skies...Now the victory is yours.A gift of the Son of Cronus, Zeus - Apollo too -They brought me down with all their deathless ease,They are the ones who tore the armor off my back.Even if twenty Hectors had charges against meThey'd all have died here, laid low by my spear.No, deadly fate in league with Apollo killed me,From the ranks of men, Euphorbus. Summary: Book 16. and any corresponding bookmarks? Automedon reaches forward and cuts the horse free. However, Book I essentially sets up the tension for the rest of the poem. He realizes immediately that while he was 'distracted' (i.e. intractable not tractable; specifically, a) hard to manage; unruly or stubborn b) hard to work, manipulate, cure, or treat; often used in describing Achilles. However, Apollo decides to enter the fighting as an ally of Hektor, and while Patroklos, in an almost god-like manner, slaughters nine Trojans in a single charge, Apollo slips up behind him and strikes him so fiercely on the back that Patroklos' vizored helmet flies off. As a quick review before getting into the action in Book 9 of Homer's 'The Iliad,' the Achaeans are in bad shape with their war against the Trojans. Patroklos tries to hide, but Hektor sees him and rams a spear through the lower part of his belly. Patroclus retorts with his dying breath: "Hector! What has happened is that Achilles is beginning to lose his ability to think clearly and weigh all the factors in this situation. Patroclus almost kills him with a stone and taunts the as he takes Cebriones' armor. Books XII-XV. With the Trojans now secure in their city, Hektor — as their sole representative — stands outside the city gates and prepares to meet Achilles. Meriones kills a Trojan captain and Aeneas tries to exact his revenge but fails. Hector leaps down to regain the armor and we see the armies clash like the east and west winds. Oh yeah, and … Patroclus continues to push the Greeks and chase the fleeing Trojans. While the battle around the ships continues, Patroklos pleads with Achilles to be allowed to wear Achilles' armor and to lead the Myrmidons, his troops, into battle. Hera overrules him, saying, "Do as you please, Zeus . Book 16: Summary: Patroclus approaches Achilles, weeping. Apollo takes the form of Asius and encourages him not to stop fighting with the additional possibility of killing Patroclus. Book 16 Patroclus approaches Achilles and asks to join the fight in defense of the ships. Grief overcomes Glaucus who prays to Apollo to heal his wound so that he may save Sarpedon's body. In this book, Hektor and Aeneas sweep forward again, but their successes mark the beginning of the end in the Iliad for Trojan victories. Summary Read an overview of the entire poem or a line by line Summary and Analysis. Find out what happens in our Book 11 summary for The Iliad by Homer. Books 17-20. Summary The poet invokes a muse to aid him in telling the story of the rage of Achilles, the greatest Greek hero to fight in the Trojan War. The deaths of Sarpedon and Patroklos in this book introduce an elegiac tone into the last part of the Iliad, as the characters that the reader sees as sympathetic are killed. Ajax comes up against Hector but misses again and Hector is carried away by his horses. Meanwhile, Hector remains indecisive on whether to rally his men outside the gates or move them inside the city and man the walls. Zeus is … Hera plays dumb, batting her eyelashes and claiming she had nothing to do with it - it was all Poseidon, she swears! He leaps between the decks of the beached ships, using a massive pike to hold back the Trojan forces almost single-handedly. While Achilles is considering this request, flames are seen rising from among the ships, indicating great success for the Trojans. Meanwhile, Ajax and Hector continue to struggle by the ships. This episode is the second turning point in the tragic story of Achilles. The Iliad Books 9-12 Summary & Analysis. ... Book 16 Book 17 Book 18 Book 19 Book 20 Book … These movements end in Books XV, XVI, and XVII when the Trojans fire the Greek ships, Patroklos is killed, and Achilles decides to re-enter the battle. (See the conflicts in Book 1 , first between mortals and then between the gods.) Menelaos gets in a fight with Euphorbos—the first man to spear Patroklos in Book 16—over Patroklos's body. He has made a fatal decision, and the deaths of Sarpedon, Patroklos, Hektor, Achilles himself, and the fall of Troy all inevitably follow. Free Book 16 summary of The Iliad by Homer. Achilles agrees and lets Patroclus use his armor, but he cautions Patroclus … Active Themes. Arriving at Achilles's lodge, Priam kneels before him and kisses his hands. Character Analysis. Book 16, lines 251-257. This equivocating solution is the cause of all the tragic events to come. The ancient Greeks were a seafaring people, and made their wealth using their ships. Removing #book# This is one of several examples throughout the Iliad … Zeus tells Athena and Hera, who are on the Achaean side, that the Achaens' only shot is if Achilles gets in… Myrmidons soldiers commanded by Achilles. / but none of the deathless gods will ever praise you." Find out what happens in our Book 15 summary for The Iliad by Homer. Homer builds parallels throughout The Iliad in which an event in one group is mirrored in a scene of another group. Symbols & Motifs. The Trojans see the coming Myrmidons and believe that Achilles has finally come to battle. Patroclus charges another three times and his spear is shattered. Sarpedon calls to Glaucus asking for vengeance. The fighting that began in Book V continues in Book VI. Summary Nine days pass after the funeral, ... Agamemnon's rejection of Chryses in Book I leads to all of the events of the Iliad. Chapter Summary for Homer's The Iliad, book 22 summary. Patroklos pursues Hektor and his men all the way to the walls of Troy, doing many heroic deeds on the way. Accordingly, their vessels were precious, and in the case of the Achaeans, their only way to return home. Menelaos kills Euphorbos and starts stripping off his gear, but then backs down in the face of stronger Trojan numbers. Zeus intervenes once again and makes Hector a coward so he will call the Trojan retreat. Hektor and his men flee toward Troy. He tells off Achilleus for being a jerk, and asks... Achilleus agrees, and tells Patroklos to take his armor. Chapter Summary for Homer's The Iliad, book 22 summary. Books 13-16. Essay Topics. Achilles' kindness to Priam in Book XXIV ends the warrior's wrath and brings the work full circle — the war situation is not essentially different from the way it … Upon hearing the news, Achilles tears his hair in sorrow and curses "anger that drives the sanest men to flare in outrage." This free study guide is stuffed with the juicy details and important facts you need to know. Topic Tracking: Divine Intervention 21Topic Tracking: Rage 12. Patroclus approaches Achilles in tears and Achilles asks him why he is: "Like a girl, a baby running after her mother,Begging to be picked up, and she tugs her skirts,Holding her back as she tries to hurry off - all tears,fawning up at her she takes her in her arms..." Book 16, lines 8-11. This description of Ajax's incredible defense makes for one of the Iliad's most memorable images. Find a summary of this and each chapter of The Iliad! Hector watches all of this and spears him again. In Book 7 , the desires and actions of Achaeans and Trojans mirror each other in many ways. He expresses a desire to take the walls of Troy with Patroclus by his side. Summary and Analysis Book VIII Summary. Previous His spear is shattered and his armor falls to the ground. While Achilles is considering this request, flames are seen rising … making love to his wife wrapped in a cloud of gold, and then lulled into slumber by the god Sleep), Hector, a Trojan prince, has nearly been killed. Book 16, lines 985-997. Patroclus strips the armor from Sarpedon's corpse and Zeus sends Apollo to save his body from any further disgrace. The wrath of Achilles seems justified from Book I to Book IX. In the morning, the Trojan forces come out of the city and the armies clash again. Zeus showers the earth with tears of blood. In Book 19, Achilles mourns Patroclus's death and focuses all his rage toward the Trojans. It was the gods, he says, the gods and "deadly Destiny.". Achilles' horses, Roan Beauty and Dapple, are introduced, emphasizing the importance of horses in ancient warfare. Summary. Apollo hits him from behind and loosens his grip on his spear as well as knocking off his helmet and breastplate. Patroclus prophesies Hector's death at the hands of Achilles and Hector continues to taunt him after he dies. Good luck. Patroclus hurls and hits Sarpedon in the heart, he falls like an oak or poplar. The narrative begins nine years after the start of the war, as the Achaeans sack a Trojan-allied town … Battles over fallen comrades become more significant in Book 16. This fortuitous dodging followed by an infortuitous death happens several times in the Iliad and becomes something of a cliché. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. On his fourth attempt, Apollo speaks: "Patroclus, Prince, go back! Like his shield and spear, the wine cup is an object that only Achilles uses. This lesson will summarize Book 19 of Homer's 'The Iliad.' Themes. Until now, Achilles has been torn by a conflict between the noble elements of his soul, which urge him to help his Achaian friends, and his obsessive sense of honor, which demands the full humiliation of Agamemnon and a complete recognition of Achilles' own worth by the other Achaian warriors. The Myrmidons enter the battle: "[T]ight as a mason packs a good stone wall,That fights the ripping winds - crammed so closeThe crested helmets, the war-shields bulging, juttingBuckler-to-buckler, helm-to-helm, man-to-man massed tightAnd the horsehair crests on glittering helmet horns brushedas they tossed their head the battalions bulked so dense." Achilles takes his wine cup (kalyx) to make a special prayer to Zeus. Lycaon, whom Achilles had captured in a previous battle, begs for mercy, but there is none to be found in Achilles's heart. Priam's appeal touches Achilles's heart, and they weep together. Summary Achilles pushes the Trojan army back, driving a portion of it into the river Xanthus (also called Scamander), where he slaughters huge numbers of enemies. The fifty ships of the Myrmidon fleet are divided into five battalions, one of which is led by Pisander (3). After Apollo grants his prayer, Glaucus gathers Trojan captains to retrieve the corpse. And finally there is reconciliation in Books XVIII and XIX. The answers are not provided. He warns him, however, that he must not lust for battle too much and should retreat after the Trojans have been pushed out of the camp. © 2020 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Achilles consents, and Patroklos and the Myrmidons arm themselves with great enthusiasm. Achilles addresses the Myrmidons and encourages them to fight with rage remembering how their leader has been dishonored. After forbidding the other gods from getting involved in the war, Zeus did exactly that in Book 8, helping Hector and the Trojans to push the Achaeans further back, with the plan to burn their ships and finish them off for good. In lines 351-353, Aias dodges a spear that strikes and kills Schedius. This free study guide is stuffed with the juicy details and important facts you need to know. While the battle around the ships continues, Patroklos pleads with Achilles to be allowed to wear Achilles' armor and to lead the Myrmidons, his troops, into battle. Yet at the same time, he can protect his prestige because he himself would not have to intervene. Achilles' prayer is for Patroklos, and the reader immediately finds that Zeus will grant Patroklos success but denies him "safe and sound return from battle." ... battle between Hektor and Achilles brings about a reconsideration of two ideas that have been implicit throughout the Iliad. The clear suggestion is that Zeus has some control over fate; but like humans, he must generally accept the fate that has been decreed, for worse consequences occur when fate is tampered with. Meanwhile, Patroclus goes to Achilles’ tent and begs to be allowed to wear Achilles’ armor if Achilles still refuses to rejoin the battle himself. Patroclus obeys the god, but does not retreat altogether. As with human characters, the lineage of the horses is given. Start studying The Iliad: Book 16 Quotes. The Iliad is an Ancient Greek epic poem by Homer that was first published in 762 BC. Later, Zeus considers overturning fate to let his own son, Sarpedon, live. In the overall structure of the epic, this fighting involves three large movements between the ships and the city. Find a summary of this and each chapter of The Iliad! Book 16, lines 825-828. The Iliad Book 16 When Patroklos reaches Achilleus, he is in tears. The only condition he imposes is … . It is not the will of fateThat the proud Trojans' citadel fall before your spear,Not even before Achilles - far greater man than you!" Achilles' wrath is held up for criticism from Book IX to Book XVIII. Hector burns a ship as Patroclus rushes to prepare for battle. . Achilles tries to rationalize his consent to the plan by claiming that he had sworn not to participate in the fighting unless his own ships were threatened; but in fact, he never really said this. The desire to protect Sarpedon's body motivates Hector to return to battle where Hector and Patroclus face off in a literal tug-of-war … from your Reading List will also remove any Hector orders Cebriones back into battle. Zeus is pretty ticked at Hera for orchestrating Hector's assault and the rout of the Trojans. The Trojans are panicked by the belief that Achilles has decided to unleash his fury against them, and in a short time, the addition of Achilles' fresh and well equipped regiment of Myrmidons to the Achaian army destroys the Trojan advantage. Then, while Patroklos is standing in a daze, a Trojan soldier pierces him midway between the shoulders with a javelin. Find out what happens in our Book 18 summary for The Iliad by Homer. As Patroclus hits the ground, Hector gloats over him and says his body will be food for the vultures. Glaucus Trojan ally who commands the Lycians. Achilles gives him permission to enter the battle leading the Myrmidons in his armor. As the two sides clash over the body many men fall and for a moment the Trojans hesitate. Achilles sees the disguise scheme suggested by Patroklos as the perfect solution to his dilemma: It would allow him to save his own ships and thus fulfill his moral obligation to the Achaians. You came third,And all you could do was finish off my life...One more thing - take it to heart, I urge you -You too won't live long yourself, I swear." Summary and Analysis Book XXII Summary. He cuts some off near the warships and slaughters them. She attempts to comfort him by reminding him that there are solemn honors due to the dead. In fact, this structural technique is a basis for the entire work. Achilleus makes fun of him for crying, but Patroklos defends himself. Zeus wakes up after being seduced and duped by Hera. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Patroclus kills a Trojan and Sarpedon hurls at him by misses and hits a horse. This free study guide is stuffed with the juicy details and important facts you need to know. Automedon flees the battle with his chariot. Books 21-24. Hector lunges at Ajax and forces him to draw back, wounded. The Myrmidons swarm like bees as Patroclus sounds the charge and fills them with courage. Read Book 16 to study for this quiz. The Iliad Books 13-16 Summary & Analysis Book 13 Summary: “Battling for the Ships” After driving the armies into conflict, Zeus turns his gaze away, certain that … Achilles rouses the Myrmidons who are said to be wild as wolves in a pack. Zeus laments the fate of his son Sarpedon, but Hera tells him that if he rescues his son the other gods will want to rescue theirs. Patroclus, then, enters the battle at a pivotal moment, with the fate of the whole war hanging in the balance. Sarpedon rallies the Trojans to rescue their trapped compatriots. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. This style of fighting is unusual in the Iliad and seems almost dishonorable compared to most of the fights. Achilles retrieves a special cup and pours libation to Zeus praying for Patroclus to come back unharmed having gained glory. 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