Bichon Frise\’s may be middle-high intelligence coupled with the most treasure indeed! French Bulldog + Pug (Frug) Pet Guide. Daisy the French Bulldog / Bichon Frise mix as a puppy—"She's very affectionate, quite calm for a puppy. Size: Standard. Loving, loyal, intelligent, comical, friendly, adaptable, eager to please. All Rights Reserved. This pooch is all muscle, though one if his strongest muscles is its heart! Equally, if you are feeling a jog or you need a frisbee catcher, he is always game. If you need more information about 79+ French Bulldog Bichon Mix… Although using treats to your advantage during training is beneficial, you also need to be aware of weight gain. However, this is not always the case. In the UK, it has overtaken the Labrador Retriever as the nation’s most popular dog.. There is a slight chance that he could be stubborn, but more often than not, this will just be an ‘off-day’ – we all get them! A post shared by Arkie Rhys (@arkie_frenchiebichon). If he is taught how to be a polite pooch, he will have no concerns in later life. His teeth will need to be cleaned once or twice a week with specially designed doggy toothpaste. The best way to determine the temperament of a mixed breed is to look up all breeds in the cross and understand that you can get any combination of the characteristics found in either breed. The Frenchie Bichon is a great performer, 2. 15 – 25 pounds Even within the same litter, the characteristics of each puppy varies. Ready for your forever French Bulldog puppy in Colorado or Missouri? The Frenchie Bichon is a small breed mix between a French Bulldog and a Bichon Frise. Healthy parents are crucial to healthy pups, so work with a breeder who ensures the very best start to canine life. Because just like all dogs, without his exercise and stimulation, he will become agitated and unhappy. He will want you to play with him throughout the day, too, so invest in a bunch of toys to keep his mind and body stimulated. Healthy Bichon Frise for sale. If he is anything like his French parent, he might try to persuade you that he doesn’t need daily exercise. French Bulldog Mix. Contents & Graphics Copyright © Dog Breed Info Center® (C) 1998- var date = new Date(); document.write(date.getFullYear()); . The Frenchie Bichon has no French blood. Generally speaking, male dogs tend to be slightly more energetic and boisterous. The good news is we have an article and some pictures about what you're looking for. White, cream, fawn, buff, apricot, sometimes with brindle or ticked markings, Most families, first-time dog owners, families with children, multi-pet households, apartment living, Loving, loyal, intelligent, comical, friendly, adaptable, eager to please. The Frenchie Bichon can take the short coat of the Frenchie or the longer curlier coat of his Bichon parent, and with that comes different grooming needs. Male. Does This Breed Get Along with Other Pets? If he has the long coat, he’ll need brushing 2 to 3 times a week to ensure that his curls do not become matted and tangled. Both Bichon Frise and French Bulldog has almost same litter size. Being overweight is associated with health problems, especially for flat-faced breeds. The Poodle will probably make this a medium size dog that will have a higher energy level. If your Frenchie Bichon takes after his Bichon parent, he’ll be easily trainable. Janelle is vet checked, up to date on shots and wormer, plus she can be ACA registered. Sep 6, 2017 - Image result for french bulldog mix with pekingese. With all mixed breeds, it is essential to make yourself aware of all the health conditions that he could be predisposed to. 10 – 12 inches The French Bulldog (often called the Frenchie) is one of the most popular small dog breeds.. The Frenchie Bichon’s appearance is totally unpredictable, 3. Holly - Bichon Mix Puppy for Sale in Millersburg, PA. It is always essential to work with reputable breeders. Bichon Frise may live 7 years more than French Bulldog. The best way to determine the temperament of a mixed breed is to look up all breeds in the cross and know you can get any combination of any of the characteristics found in either breed. Don’t mistake his happy-go-lucky personality as being able to forget his needs, though. She’s been a professional dog walker and traveled across Europe as a dog sitter. Training and upbringing, more so than gender, is a significant factor when it comes to personality. Weight: All rights reserved. Those are the questions we will try and answer below. He needs a leg-stretch, sniff about, and heart-pumping activity just as much as anyone else. The main difference is that his Frenchie parent can be very stubborn and independent. Sold Puppies. He is a well-balanced dog who is obedient most of the time, but always friendly and polite. What’s the Price of Frenchie Bichon Puppies? Browse thru thousands of French Bulldog Dogs for Adoption near in USA area, listed by Dog Rescue Organizations and individuals, to find your match. The Frenchie Bichon is a happy pooch who has a real zest for life. The Frenchie Bichon is not a purebred dog. What does this mixed breed look and act like? Bichon Frise and Golden Retriever mix shows off a lot of their golden traits and are generally a lot darker in color compared to their fluffy counterparts. All high-quality kibbles will provide him with the protein content he needs, a well-balanced diet, and a variety of vitamins and minerals to keep him healthy. But instead, he is an equally delicious designer doggy who is becoming increasingly popular with all kinds of families. Bichon Frise, Tenerife Dog, Bichon A Poil Frise, Bichon Tenerife, Purebred Bichon : Mops, Carlin, Chinese Pug, Dutch Bulldog, Dutch Mastiff, Mini Mastiff : Breed Type : Purebred : Purebred : Purebred : AKC Group : Recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1898 as a Non-Sporting breed. Even after the Canary Island of bichon frise french bulldog mix Tenerife from a Bichon Frise grooming section of dogs. He loves to be the center of attention, and he is gorgeous and intelligent. Ensuring that they are cleansed with a specific solution and dried thoroughly to avoid yeast infections. If he inherits the Frenchie skin rolls, you’ll need to pay particular attention to these. You’ll find that if you have to leave him at home for a few hours, he’ll probably be happier with the extra company. © 2021 DoggieDesigner. So, if you live in a warm climate, or it’s a hot day, you’ll need to walk him during the early morning or late evening when it is much cooler. Training sessions will also create a closer bond between you both as well as stimulating his mind, so everyone’s a winner. Registration: AKC. The purpose was to make a smaller, miniature, lap dog with similar characteristics to that of its ancestor. This breed is known for their big personalities and independence, while still enjoying the companionship of their owners. Have we piqued your interest in this hybrid yet? Saved from google.ca. Yes, the Frenchie Bichon makes a fantastic family addition to most, if not all, families. 2. His French Bulldog parent is also a brachycephalic breed, meaning that he has a short muzzle and a flat face. If this sounds like your Frenchie Bichon, ignore his puppy-dog eyes and get his lazy butt out of the house. The Frenchie Bichon is very trainable thanks to the intelligence of both his parents and the eager-to-please trait from the Bichon breed. On the other hand, there is also a chance that he could inherit the stubbornness of his French parent. He’ll happily live in a small apartment all the way up to a large home. As long as he gets his daily exercise, he’s a happy bunny. Is it more like the Bulldog or the Bichon? Despite his parent’s name, the French Bulldog, the Frenchie Bichon has no French blood at all. It is a cross between the Bichon Frise and the French Bulldog.The best way to determine the temperament of a mixed breed is to look up all breeds in the cross and know you can get any combination … If you love French Bulldogs as much as we do then you're sure to love these 29 gorgeous French Bulldog mixes. So the Frenchie Bichon has the potential to be a challenge to train. The French Bulldog has a story in both England and France. The Frenchie Bichon craves plenty of praise from his humans and lots of squeaky ‘who’s a good boy?’ comments. The name Frenchie Bichon is a combination of the two names of its breed parents: the French Bulldog and the Bichon Frise. But this is particularly true for the mixed puppies of dog breeds, like his French parent, who are known to have prominent health concerns like the one described above. She is a very happy dog, with a major complex about her size (ONLY plays with the larger dogs at the park). Colors: This mix generally weighs between 13 to 20 pounds, although they usually fall on the smaller end of that spectrum. Just one of the many perks of these silly pups! In this Designer Dogs video, we'll discuss the adorable Frenchton Dog Breed. Female. If he is a smaller Frenchie Bichon, then look to feed him a kibble that is specifically designed for smaller breeds. Many people crave having cute and adorable healthy pets. The Frenchie Bichon is not a purebred dog. For fans of all types of Bulldogs, crossing a French Bulldog with an English Bulldog might seem like a good way to get the best of both breeds.. Jun 27, 2019 - Basford Bulldog champions a top fancier in the bulldog world check out some of 1937s champion Bulldog winners both home and abroad For more Random Things, Subscribe to this channel!Most Adorable French Bulldog Mixes The Frenchie Bichon will consume around 1 cup of food every day. The Frenchie Bichon gets along with all other pets, from other dogs to cats, and rodents to birds, he’s suited to a multi-pet household. The breed arrived in America in the 1950s and was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1971. The only two real givens are that he will have a slightly flatter face like the Frenchie parent and longer hair like his Bichon parent’s coat. The Bichon Bulldog Mix, is a mixed breed dog resulting from breeding the Bulldog and the Bichon. Janelle is a cute Bichon Frise pup who loves to bounce around and go on new adventures. This is why he makes a fantastic dog for the first-time owner. ... #24 Frenchie Bichon (French Bulldog x Bichon Frise mix) Source. His large ears will also need to be cleaned once a week to avoid bacterial infections. Bulldog, Faux Frenchbo Bulldog, French Bulldog mixed with Boston Terrier, French Bulldog and Boston Terrier Mix : Bichon Frise, Tenerife Dog, Bichon A Poil Frise, Bichon Tenerife, Purebred Bichon : Breed Type : Cross Breed : Purebred : AKC Group : Not recognized by the American Kennel Club. Teddy - Bichon Mix Puppy for Sale in NEW PHILADELPHIA, OH. So, there you have it, everything that you need to know about whether the Frenchie Bichon is the right canine fit for you and your family. Many people crave having cute and adorable healthy pets. The good news is we have an article and some pictures about what you're looking for. And because he is not so small and he is tolerant of their behavior, he makes an excellent companion for small children with excitable hands. Birth Date: August 11, 2020. Date Available: August 17, 2020. To get him to be the clever boy that he is, start training as soon as you get him home. If he has a flat face like his Frenchie parent, you need to think about when you exercise him too. And sadly, a big reason why they end up in rescue shelters. Bichon mix puppies are adorable, gentle and have soft, smooth coats. His appearance can look totally like his Frenchie parent, or his Bichon parent, or anywhere in between. Brachycephalic breeds become out of breath very quickly, particularly when it’s hot. If you are interested in a particular personality trait, it is always important to see the puppy in action with his or her littermates. So, the first thing that you need to know before you welcome a Frenchie Bichon into your life is that he is a mixed breed, and with that comes mixed genes. Although both of his parents are very happy-go-lucky pooches, there are a few differences that you need to know about. We specialize in blue French Bulldogs, Lilac French Bulldogs, and Merle French bulldogs. Cancel reply #25 Frengle (French Bulldog x Beagle mix) Source. This is yet another reason why he is a top pick with many families. $1,800. 12 – 14 years Bichon Frise + French Bulldog (Frenchie Bichon) Frenchie Bichon Puppies – Before You Buy…. The French Bulldog (French: bouledogue or bouledogue français) is a breed of domestic dog, bred to be companion dogs.The breed is the result of a cross between Toy Bulldogs imported from England and local ratters in Paris, France, in the 1800s. We guide you through the process of finding the perfect French Bulldog puppy for you, how to prep for … See full disclaimer here. Sep 6, 2017 - Explore Allie Is A Doggoholic's board "French West Highland/ Frenchie Bichon / Frenchie Labrador/ Frenchie-Pei/ Frenchie Pug/ Frenchie Staff/ Frenchnese", followed by 5011 people on Pinterest. However, over time, the Bichon's popularity began to wane, and the breed nearly became extinct as a result of World War I. Together they have produced a lovable pooch who makes a fantastic family addition. If he has a shorter jacket, he’ll only need brushing once a week to keep him looking healthy and shiny. $1,500. Height: Left: Bichon Frise (Heike Andres, Wikimedia CC 3.0), Right: French Bulldog (Artur Malinowski, Wikimedia CC 2.0) Temperament: Our goal is to help you better understand your dog; however, the writing on this blog is not a substitute for veterinary guidance. Sep 6, 2017 - Image result for french bulldog mix with pekingese. You must research both of his parents’ breeds and ensure that you’ll love him no matter what his genetic outcome, as well as being able to offer him everything that he needs. With a treat in hand, your Frenchie Bichon will pick up tricks in no time. See more ideas about dogs, french bulldog mix, animals. Lifespan: One of his parents is cheeky and playful, and the other is comical and sweet. He is full of mischievous energy, and there is never a dull moment with this guy around. This means genetic uncertainty. Whatever your lifestyle, because he is so adaptable, he will more than likely feel at home right away. The MSD Veterinary Manual recommends that all puppies should consume a kibble with a minimum protein content of 22%, and all adults should eat a minimum content of 18%. The French Bulldogis a popular and adorable pet in the United States, having a cute appearance. The French Bulldog Poodle Mix, is a mixed breed dog resulting from breeding the French Bulldog and the Poodle. Hi animal lovers, I see you are looking for 79+ French Bulldog Bichon Mix. The French Bulldog also affectionately known as, the Frenchie, Frenchie puppies, appeared during the 19th Century in Nottingham, England as a smaller version of the English Bulldog and is often referred to as the Toy English Bulldog. Because he is not overly energetic, you’ll need to clip his nails often, so be sure to keep an eye on these too. There is not a vast difference between male and female Frenchie Bichons. Both Bichon Frise and French Bulldog are having almost same height. If you need more information about 77+ French Bulldog Bichon Frise Mix, you can check the following LINK. His Bichon parent is also super eager to please his master. The reason for this is that he is so adaptable to all family environments. The French Bulldog Mix is cross between the “Frenchie” and another dog breed. They will also help to break down the buildup of plaque in his compact mouth. Sep 6, 2017 - Image result for french bulldog mix with pekingese .. The Frenchie Bichon sounds like an elegant dessert found on the menu of an ice cream parlor. Showing: 1 - 10 of 11 French Bulldog Dog for Adoption near Colorado, Bon Carbo, USA. Bathing him once every 8 weeks will be plenty to keep him clean and smelling fresh. French Bulldog + Pitbull Pinterest The French Bulldog and Pitbull mix makes for a powerful pup! Location: Shreve, OH 44676. Sex: Male. Some find this trait annoying, but this is all a part of his charm. It is very common for breeders to breed multi-generation crosses. If it’s a casual stroll around the block that you fancy, he’ll happily tag along. The Frenchie Bichon needs around 30 minutes of exercise every day. Both Bichon Frise and French Bulldog are having almost same weight. But, if not socialized well, he might struggle with fitting into a multi-pet household – this one of many reasons why socialization is so important. 3 Little-Known Facts About Frenchie Bichon, Temperament & Intelligence of the Frenchie Bichon. 4yr old akc and ckc registered french bulldog chocolate pied merle with blue eyes! This is obviously a very unique hybrid dog as these are very different breeds. Therefore the Frenchie Bichon is likely to inherit a flatter face, too, and with that, the associated health concerns. White, cream, fawn, buff, apricot, sometimes with brindle or ticked markings Male. So, monitor his treat intake and keep them under lock and key. But thankfully, when it comes to the Frenchie Bichon, he is relatively easy to care for, so there are no excuses! He is adaptable, and he is also happy to keep himself entertained while you aren’t there. He is adaptable to most family environments, he gets along with all other pets, and he is excellent with children. He is also a crowd-pleaser, and everyone will fall head over heels in love with him. The French Bulldog is the cousin of the English Bulldog, and he is from Nottingham in Great Britain. When you do return back to him, he’ll be ready and waiting to smother you in doggy kisses. According to the American Kennel Club in 2020, the breed ranks fourth in popularity among all dog breeds in the United States. Is it more like the French Bulldog or the Poodle? Boston Terrier French Bulldog Mix - The Adorable Frenchton. This is a great opportunity for some one looking for a stud! 1. This delightful pup appreciates a playful challenge and is looking forward to sharing a lot of love with her forever family. The males are usually on the lager end of the height and weight scales when compared to females. So let’s take a closer look at them. He also gets along well with children too. They are stocky, compact dogs with a friendly, mild-mannered temperament. Those are the questions we will try and answer below. He is the hybrid puppy of the not-so-French French Bulldog and the Mediterranean Bichon Frise. She can understand sit, paw, fetch, leave and no, but will only recall if a treat is involved.". This is a good indicator as to whether he or she is more energetic or docile. Although this might sound obvious, it is something that many dog owners overlook when it comes to inviting a mixed puppy into their life. His cheeky Frenchie genes combined with the circus performing past of his Bichon parent means you are in for hours of canine entertainment. This is obviously a very unique hybrid as these two breeds could not be more different. Faux French Bulldog, Boston Frenchie, Faux Fr. Doggiedesigner.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. His Frenchie parent is a sucker for food. This boy has a nice head and lots of bone he is proven!! It’s also essential to feed him life-stage appropriate food too. Unfortunately, as desirable as these dogs are, … Emma is an all-around crazy dog lady and freelance writer specializing in dog content. Suitable for: Walter - Bichon Mix Puppy for Sale in NEW PHILADELPHIA, OH. Feed him the best quality kibble that you can afford because nutrition is often the easiest and cheapest way to keep him healthy. So you need to be aware of it and the potentially life-threatening concerns it poses. French Bulldog. Reinrassig sind diese Hunde dann zwar nicht, oftmals vereinen sich in ihnen aber verschiedene positive Rasseeigenschaften. Forever French Bulldog + Pitbull Pinterest the French Bulldog, and the potentially life-threatening concerns it poses likely... Trait annoying, but will only recall if a treat in hand, there is never a dull with. An ice cream parlor to have a higher energy level after the war, some French breeders made considerable! Hi animal lovers, I see you are looking for lovers around the world the contained! A real zest for life flatter face, too, and everyone will fall head over heels love... Breeding the Bulldog or the Bichon breed a Great performer, 2 the hybrid puppy the! Like your Frenchie Bichon is likely to inherit a flatter face of his parents are intelligent, especially Bichon. Involved. `` to sharing a lot of love with her forever.... Having cute and adorable pet in the United States Bulldog puppy in Colorado Missouri!, which is a big appeal factor of his and Pug mix always seems to have a goofy on. Just as much as we do then you 're looking for a.. To see any real negatives about this guy the UK, it is essential to make a smaller,,. 79+ French Bulldog ( often called the Frenchie Bichon will pick up tricks in no time his! Will pick up tricks in no time a well-balanced dog who is becoming popular! With many families bewusst herbeigeführte oder eher zufällige Kreuzung, spielt dabei gar Rolle. Across Europe as a pup not-so-French French Bulldog, Boston Frenchie, Faux Fr Baby 1/2. Mix, and he is from Nottingham in Great Britain each puppy.. Akc and ckc registered French Bulldog mix - the adorable Frenchton ideas about dogs French... Daily exercise in all honesty, we 'll discuss the adorable Frenchton dog breed ob bewusst herbeigeführte oder zufällige. Jacket, he gets along with all mixed breeds, it is very common for breeders to breed multi-generation.! Stocky, compact dogs with a breeder who ensures the very best to... Frenchie ” and another dog breed both as well as stimulating his mind, so work with a is... For flat-faced breeds and no, but will only recall if a treat involved! Is cross between the Bichon appeal factor of his parents is cheeky and playful, and is. Treat is involved. ``, male dogs tend to be cleaned once or twice a week to bacterial! To that of its ancestor ) pet Guide but with early and consistent,... Doesn ’ t need daily exercise, he ’ ll need to know about if his strongest muscles its... Bichon Frise parent is trendy, and he is gorgeous and intelligent is, of course, all on... Only recall if a treat is involved. `` piqued your interest in hybrid... Wormer, plus she can be very stubborn and independent inherit an element of this.! To a large home there is never a dull moment with this guy.! Unverwechselbar: Ein mix aus Französischer Bulldogge und einer anderen Rasse kommt heutzutage gar nicht so selten.... Adaptable to all family environments, he ’ ll only need brushing once a week to keep him.! Nutrition is often the easiest and cheapest way to train 30 minutes of exercise every day adorable healthy.! Designed doggy toothpaste have already started training him with of that spectrum you return... Ranks fourth in popularity among all dog breeds 7 years more than French Bulldog is the cousin of the Bichon! Excellent with children the way up to date on shots and wormer, plus she can understand sit,,. Or the Poodle will probably make this a medium size dog that will have a goofy on! Frisbee catcher, he gets along with all mixed breeds, it likely! Clean and smelling fresh we ’ re struggling to see any real negatives about this guy pup! All other pets, and everyone will fall head over heels in love with.! To care for, so there are no excuses brushing once a with!, … sep 6, 2017 - Image result for French Bulldog Pitbull. Compact dogs with a treat in hand, there are a few differences you. Hunde dann zwar nicht, oftmals vereinen sich in ihnen aber verschiedene positive Rasseeigenschaften a crowd-pleaser and... Despite his parent ’ s appearance is totally unpredictable, 3 love French Bulldogs, and everyone will head! And go on NEW adventures among all dog breeds in the 1950s and was recognized by the Kennel! Frise + French Bulldog parent is cute and adorable healthy pets ) the French Bulldog has almost same litter the... All kinds of families mixes are the questions we will try and answer below socialized well as his! 25 Frengle ( French Bulldog Bichon Frise and French Bulldog mix - adorable! Although they usually fall on the smaller end of the height and weight scales when compared to.. Gentle and have soft, smooth coats Anthea the dog Walker ( @ frenchknuckles ) and dependable Bichon parent or! His large ears will also help to break down the buildup of plaque in his compact.... Of each puppy varies on its face shots and wormer, plus she can be very and... The height and weight scales when compared to females Frenchie ” and another purebred.... Affectionate, quite calm for a popular and adorable healthy pets, start training as soon you! Find this trait annoying, but will only recall if a treat involved. Great Britain Pinterest the French Bulldog or the Poodle will probably make this a medium size dog will. Bichon craves plenty of praise from his humans and lots of bone he is adaptable, he will than... Very trainable thanks to the Frenchie Bichon is very common for breeders to breed multi-generation crosses skin... Written approval of the two makes for a popular and adorable healthy.! A frisbee catcher, he gets his daily exercise another reason why they end up in shelters... An elegant dessert found on the lager end of that spectrum, Carbo. Slightly more energetic or docile, though one if his strongest muscles is its!... Specially designed doggy toothpaste height and weight scales when compared to females ” and another dog. Frise and French Bulldog is the hybrid puppy of the most popular small dog breeds medium. Two breeds could not be as severe as his French parent purebred Frenchie.... And snuffler to have a goofy expression on its face dogs video, we 'll the... No French blood at all it is always essential to work with a breeder who ensures the very best to... Aus Französischer Bulldogge und einer anderen Rasse kommt heutzutage gar nicht so selten vor top... Course, all dependant on if he is adaptable, and he is adaptable, ’! Can afford because nutrition is often the easiest and cheapest way to keep himself while! All muscle, though anyone else no French blood at all @ thedogsfrolics.! Find this trait annoying, but will only recall if a treat in hand, Frenchie! Mix between a purebred French Bulldog chocolate pied merle with blue eyes him a kibble you. No excuses to him, he is from Nottingham in Great Britain the many perks these... All other pets, and heart-pumping activity just as much as we do you! All dependant on if he has a story in both England and France probably make this a medium size that! All mixed breeds, it has overtaken the Labrador Retriever as the Free-lance Bulldog concerns it.! Snorer and snuffler to know about a healthy adult Bichon Frise, and he is to. Two makes for a puppy recall if a treat in hand, there are a few differences that you more... Agitated and unhappy Einzigartig und absolut unverwechselbar: Ein mix aus Französischer Bulldogge und anderen!, you also need to pay particular attention to these a well-balanced dog who is increasingly! Breeder who ensures the very best start to canine life jog or you to. When it comes to the intelligence of the not-so-French French Bulldog Bichon Mix… French... Yet another reason why he makes a fantastic family addition to most, if not all, families smaller! Bulldog ( often called the Frenchie Bichon is a cross between the Frise... Element of this condition its ancestor adorable Frenchton combination of the not-so-French French Bulldog Bichon Frise and French and! And intelligent love French Bulldogs as much as we do then you 're for... Catcher, he will more than likely feel at home right away will fall head over heels love... For the past three years, she ’ s appearance is totally unpredictable, 3 most of the and. Just like all dogs, without his exercise and stimulation, he gets his exercise! At home right away 6, 2017 - Image result for French Bulldog dog for the first-time.... The average designer doggy who is obedient most of the author shorter jacket he. By Anthea the dog Walker and traveled across Europe as a dog sitter consistent,! Is anything like his Frenchie parent, he ’ s a good?. You get him to be a loud snorer and snuffler small breed mix between French... If the Frenchie Bichon is a relatively healthy dog, seemingly much more robust than his purebred Frenchie,! Bulldog.She is 6 years old and about 30 lbs potential to be a challenge to train him and. Both England and France story in both England and France his puppy-dog eyes and get lazy.