Published only in Swedish), Interview with Dr. V. G. Virovets, the head of the Hemp Breeding Department at the Institute of Bast Crops, "The Miraculous Hemp Plant: History, Uses, and Benefits", 10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632070.003.0005, "The U.S. Hemp Industry grows to $820mm in sales in 2017", "Information paper on industrial hemp (industrial cannabis)", "History of cannabis and its preparations in saga, science, and sobriquet", "Feasibility of Industrial Hemp Production in the United States Pacific Northwest, SB681", Proceedings of the Virginia Assembly, 1619, "Diary of George Washington, entry 7 August 1765", "Diary of George Washington, entry 22 August 1765", "Diary of George Washington, entry September 1765", "From George Washington to William Pearce, 29 May 1796", James F. Hopkins, "Slavery in the Hemp Industry", "American Chemical Society: THE FIRST NYLON PLANT. Various car makers are beginning to use hemp in their cars, including Audi, BMW, Ford, GM, Chrysler, Honda, Iveco, Lotus, Mercedes, Mitsubishi, Porsche, Saturn, Volkswagen[39] and Volvo. Hemp juice is a non-psychoactive juice obtained from cold-pressing the upper part of the hemp plant and leaves. Wild hemp grows in the western hilly part of Nepal. [58] Alcohol fuel (ethanol or, less commonly, methanol) can be made by fermenting the whole plant. Decorticators enable the leaves to be left on the stalks during the breaking, although this makes for a messier process requiring more sorting after completion. It can be used to make a wide range of products. [37], A mixture of fiberglass, hemp fiber, kenaf, and flax has been used since 2002 to make composite panels for automobiles. [160], In the United States, Executive Order 12919 (1994) identified hemp as a strategic national product that should be stockpiled. The hemp plant {CannaMs sativa) is an annual, belonging to the nettle family. Hemp fiber is suitable for textiles uses and is obtained by mechanical work of the external fibrous part of the stem of the plant. [18], In 2011, the US imported $11.5 million worth of hemp products, mostly driven by growth in the demand for hemp seed and hemp oil for use as ingredients in foods such as granola. This has meant that paper from hemp is still expensive compared to paper from trees. [119][123] The Chinese later used hemp to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper. [68] Ideally, according to Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the herb should be desiccated and harvested towards the end of flowering. Harvesting industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) - This is a separate harvest for a different form of processing: The upper part of the plant with the leaves will be collected for cold pressing, while the lower part remains for producing fiber and initially it is left on the field. According to hempbasics.com compared to cotton “1 acre of hemp will produce as much fiber as 2 to 3 acres of cotton. [10], Hemp is used to make a variety of commercial and industrial products, including rope, textiles, clothing, shoes, food, paper, bioplastics, insulation, and biofuel. [12], In the Germanic languages, following Grimm's law, the "k" would have changed to "h" with the first Germanic sound shift,[10][13] giving Proto-Germanic *hanapiz, after which it may have been adapted into the Old English form, hænep, henep. [145][141], Another claim is that Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury and the wealthiest man in America at that time, had invested heavily in DuPont's new synthetic fiber, nylon, and believed[dubious – discuss] that the replacement of the traditional resource, hemp, was integral to the new product's success. Broadleaf Hemp is doing our part to open up the Australian hemp fibre market. Iterations of the 1930s decorticator have been met with limited success, along with steam explosion and chemical processing known as thermomechanical pulping. Hemp was also commonly used to make sail canvas. Dual purpose crops produce fiber and seed; with the seed being used for food, biofuels and other applications. Once a very involved and labor intensive process, separation of the bast from the hurd has been somewhat simplified through a machine called a decorticator. Obtaining technical fibre is associated with the destruction of the stem or other part of the plant containing fibre bearing tissues (e.g. Hemp fiber has been used extensively throughout history, with production climaxing soon after being introduced to the New World. Hemp can be used as a "mop crop" to clear impurities out of wastewater, such as sewage effluent, excessive phosphorus from chicken litter, or other unwanted substances or chemicals. The non-fibrous dust particles created from the decortication of hemp stalks can be compressed into pellets and used as a fuel. Fibres from these plants can be considered to … Both light and heat can degrade hemp oil. [76] Integrated pest management strategies should be employed to manage these pests with prevention and early detection being the foundation of a resilient program. [169], In 1971, the cultivation of hemp became illegal, and the production was substantially reduced. The soil should have available 89 to 135 kg/ha of nitrogen, 46 kg/ha phosphorus, 67 kg/ha potassium, and 17 kg/ha sulfur. [127] Hemp in later Europe was mainly cultivated for its fibers and was used for ropes on many ships, including those of Christopher Columbus. coir around the hard shell of coconuts. Hemp seeds have been used in bird feed mix as well. [141][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] The company DuPont and many industrial historians dispute a link between nylon and hemp, nylon became immediately a scarce commodity. [113] Hemp production in North Carolina resumed in 2017,[114] and in Washington State the same year. The separation method is generally employed. [15] In 2010/2011, a total of 11,000 hectares (27,000 acres) was cultivated with hemp in the EU, a decline compared with previous year. [1] Along with bamboo, hemp is one of the fastest growing plants[2] on Earth. As early as 1619, the first Virginia House of Burgesses passed an Act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow "both English and Indian" hemp on their plantations. Portugal also utilized its colonies to support its hemp supply, including in certain parts of Brazil. LXXIX, fig. [17] The leaves of the hemp plant, while not as nutritional as the seeds, are edible and can be consumed raw as leafy vegetables in salads, and pressed to make juice. "I strongly suspect, however, that what catapulted hemp to sudden fame and fortune as a cultigen and caused it to spread rapidly westwards in the first millennium B.C. Several arthropods can cause damage or injury to hemp plants, but the most serious species are associated with the Insecta class. [110] Then, in 2013, after the legalization of marijuana, several farmers in Colorado planted and harvested several acres of hemp, bringing in the first hemp crop in the United States in over half a century. This legalized hemp at the federal level, which made it easier for hemp farmers to get production licenses, acquire loans, and receive federal crop insurance. [75] As the names imply, they target the stems reducing the structural integrity of the plant. Retting is a process involving the use of moisture and microbes to break down the chemical bonds (pectin) holding the hemp stem together, enabling easier separation of the bast from the woody core (the hurd or shiv). Hemp paper can be recycled up to 8 times, compared to just 3 times for paper made from wood pulp. Hemp-resin. [citation needed] The most common use of hemp lime in building is by casting the hemp and lime mix while wet around a timber frame with temporary shuttering, and tamping the mix to form a firm mass; after the removal of the temporary shuttering, the solidified hemp mix is then ready to be plastered with a lime plaster. Hemp is obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant. In 2018, New York began taking strides in industrial hemp production, along with hemp research pilot programs at Cornell University, Binghamton University and SUNY Morrisville. Hemp fiber is suitable for textiles uses and is obtained by mechanical work of the external fibrous part of the stem of the plant. Fabrics made from line fibre can have a texture similar to linen; very different to the feel of wearing something akin to a hessian sack that some people may have experienced with hemp clothing. [128] Similar attempts were made in Peru, Colombia, and Mexico, but only in Chile did the crop find success. Nitrogen should not be placed with the seed, but phosphate may be tolerated. "[136][137], Other presidents known to have farmed hemp for alternative purposes include Thomas Jefferson,[138] James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Zachary Taylor, and Franklin Pierce. Print, Letter to Daddy Burt from USDA War Board | Burton Family Archive: Sallyann Burton Gullett, Picture of Daddy Burt with harvested hemp | Burton Family Archive: Jimmy Wallace Bruner, Link to Complete USDA Nutrient Database Entry, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Controlled Substances Chaos: The Department of Justice's New Policy Position on Marijuana and What It Means for Industrial Hemp Farming in North Dakota", "The Legalization of Industrial Hemp and What it Could Mean for Indiana's Biofuel Industry", THE UN VOTES TO RECOGNISE THE POTENTIAL MEDICAL VALUE OF CANNABIS, "Millers and Mullers: The archaeo-linguisitic stratigraphy of technological change in holocene Australia", "America's First Hemp Drink - Chronic Ice - Making a Splash in the Natural Beverage Market", "USDA ERS - Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential", "New York Chefs are Going Nuts for...Hemp Leaves?! Compared to its wood pulp counterpart, paper from hemp fibers resists decomposition and does not yellow or brown with age. [129] In July 1605, Samuel Champlain reported the use of grass and hemp clothing by the (Wampanoag) people of Cape Cod and the (Nauset) people of Plymouth Bay told him they harvested hemp in their region where it grew wild to a height of 4 to 5 ft. obtained from the vascular bundles or veins of leaves; these consist of both the xylem and phloem as well as ensheathing fibers. George Washington also imported the Indian hemp plant from Asia, which was used for fiber and, by some growers, for intoxicating resin production. Toronto: Champlain Society. [30], The first example of the use of hempcrete was in 1986 in France with the renovation of the Maison de la Turquie in Nogent-sur-Seine by the innovator Charles Rasetti. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides. [119] The classical Greek historian Herodotus (ca. The Hemp fibre or industrial hemp is obtained from the outer layer or the bast of the Cannabis sativa plant, more popularly known as that meant for producing marijuana or hashish. The Anglo-Saxons were well acquainted with the mode of preparing hemp. The Great Book of Hemp: The Complete Guide to the Environmental, Commercial, and Medicinal Uses of the World's Most Extraordinary Plant. HEMP FIBER PRODUCTS. [63] It matures in about three to four months. 1995", "Who invented the toothbrush and when was it? The time at which industrial hemp is harvested is also crucial in the quality of the fiber produced. The fiber can be called bast and it is gathered from the fibers that grow on the outside stalk of the plant. During World War II, the U.S. produced a short 1942 film, Hemp for Victory, promoting hemp as a necessary crop to win the war. The tow fibre is just compressed and bailed. The quality of hemp fibre depends greatly on whether the crop was grown primarily for textiles, or is dual-purpose. 1929. As of 2019, 47 states have enacted legislation to make hemp legal to grow at the state level, with several states implementing medical provisions regarding the growing of plants specifically for non-psychoactive CBD. Air-dried stem yields in Ontario have from 1998 and onward ranged from 2.6–14.0 tonnes of dry, retted stalks per hectare (1–5.5 t/ac) at 12% moisture. The plants are cut at 2 to 3 cm above the soil and left on the ground to dry. The fibre is made into bagging and other coarse fabrics and is sometimes mixed with other fibres to improve colour in rope. The narcotic content is because of tetra-hydro-cannabinol content (THC) which is … A number of beetle grubs and chafers are known to cause damage to hemp roots, including the flea beetle and Japanese beetle, Popillia Japonica. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content. Separation of hurd and bast fiber is known as decortication. 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